Imixokelelwane ye-roller okanye i-bushed roller chain ixhaphake kakhulu kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zendlu, ishishini kunye noomatshini bezolimo njengabahambisi, oomatshini bokuzoba ngocingo, oomatshini bokushicilela, iimoto, izithuthuthu, njl. ibhayisekile. Iqukethe uluhlu lwee-roller ezimfutshane ze-cylindrical ezibanjwe kunye ngamakhonkco ecala. Iqhutywa ziigiya ezibizwa ngokuba zii-sprockets. Yindlela elula, ethembekileyo nesebenzayo yokuhambisa umbane. Umzobo wenkulungwane ye-16 kaLeonardo da Vinci ubonisa ikhonkco elineebheringi eziqengqelekayo. Ngomnyaka ka 1800, uJames Fassel wenza ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi kwitsheyini eliqengqelekayo elaphuhlisa isitshixo esichaseneyo, kwaye ngo-1880, uHans Reynold wafumana ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi kwitsheyini yerola yaseBush.
melana
Imixokelelwane ene-Bush roller ineentlobo ezimbini zekhonkco ezicwangciswe ngokuhlukileyo. Uhlobo lokuqala ludibaniso lwangaphakathi, apho amacwecwe amabini angaphakathi abanjwe kunye nemikhono emibini okanye i-bushings ejikeleza ii-roller ezimbini. Amakhonkco angaphakathi atshintshana kunye nodidi lwesibini lwekhonkco langaphandle, elibandakanya iipleyiti zangaphandle ezimbini ezibanjwe kunye nezikhonkwane ezidlula kwi-internal link bushings. Amakhonkco e-roller "e-Bushless" akhiwe ngokwahlukileyo kodwa asebenza ngokufanayo. Esikhundleni se-bushings eyahlukileyo okanye imikhono ebambe iipaneli zangaphakathi kunye, iipaneli zigxininiswe ngeetyhubhu eziphuma emigodini kwaye zisebenze injongo efanayo. Oku kunenzuzo yokuphelisa inyathelo kwindibano yekhonkco. Uyilo lwe-roller chain lunciphisa ukungqubuzana, okwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokunciphisa ukunxiba xa kuthelekiswa noyilo olulula. Ikhonkco lokuqala lokuqhuba lalingenayo i-roller okanye i-bushings, kwaye zombini iiplati zangaphakathi nangaphandle zazibanjwe kunye nezikhonkwane ezidibanisa ngokuthe ngqo namazinyo e-sprocket. Nangona kunjalo, kolu lungelelwaniso ndiye ndafumanisa ukuba amazinyo e-sprocket kunye nepleyiti apho amazinyo e-sprocket ajikelezayo aguga ngokukhawuleza. Le ngxaki yasombululwa ngokuyinxenye ngokuphuhliswa kwamaketanga e-sleeve, apho izikhonkwane ezibambe iiplate zangaphandle zidlula kwiibhubhu okanye imikhono edibanisa iiplati zangaphakathi. Oku kusasaza ukunxitywa kwindawo ebanzi. Nangona kunjalo, amazinyo e-sprocket asanxibe ngokukhawuleza kunokuba bekulindelwe ngenxa yokutyibilika kwe-bushings. Iirola ezongeziweyo ezijikeleze umkhono we-chain bushing zibonelela ngonxibelelwano oluqengqelekayo ngamazinyo e-sprocket kwaye zibonelela ngokugqwesileyo kokumelana nesprocket kunye netyathanga. Okoko nje ikhonkco lifakwe kakuhle, ukukhuhlana kuphantsi kakhulu. Ukucolwa ngokucokisekileyo kwamakhonkco e-roller kubalulekile ekusebenzeni ngokufanelekileyo kunye noxinzelelo oluchanekileyo.
ukuthambisa
Amatyathanga amaninzi okuqhuba (ezifana ne-camshaft drives kwizixhobo zefektri kunye neenjini zokutsha zangaphakathi) zisebenza kwindawo ecocekileyo ukwenzela ukuba iindawo zabo zokunxiba (okt izikhonkwane kunye ne-bushings) zingachatshazelwa yintlenga ehleliyo kwaye inqunyanyisiwe, kwaye uninzi luvalekile iimeko-bume Umzekelo, ezinye i-roller. amatyathanga ane-O-ring eyakhelweyo phakathi kwepleyiti yekhonkco yangaphandle kunye ne-roller chain plate. Abavelisi bamakhonkco baqala ukwamkela eli nqaku emva kokuba uJoseph Montano, owayesebenzela iWhitney Chain eHartford, Connecticut, wasungula isicelo ngo-1971. I-O-rings yaziswa njengendlela yokuphucula ukuthanjiswa kwamakhonkco okuhambisa amandla, okubalulekileyo ekwandiseni ubomi bekhonkco. . Ezi zigcina irabha zenza umqobo ogcina igrisi efakwe kwifektri ngaphakathi kweendawo zokunxiba zepini kunye ne-bushing. Ukongezelela, i-rubber O-rings ikhusela uthuli kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo ekungeneni kumalungu ekhonkco. Ngaphandle koko, amaqhekeza anjalo anokubangela ukugqoka okukhulu. Kukho kwakhona amatyathanga amaninzi ekufuneka asebenze kwiimeko ezimdaka kwaye akanako ukutywinwa ngenxa yobukhulu okanye izizathu zokusebenza. Imizekelo ibandakanya amatyathanga asetyenziswa kwizixhobo zasefama, iibhayisekile, neesarha zamatsheyini. La matyathanga anezinga eliphezulu lokunxiba. Uninzi lwezithambiso ezisekelwe kwi-oyile zitsala uthuli kunye namanye amasuntswana, ekugqibeleni zenze i-abrasive paste eyandisa ukunxiba kwekhonkco. Le ngxaki inokupheliswa ngokusebenzisa “eyomileyo” PTFE yokutshiza. Yenza ifilimu eyomeleleyo emva kwesicelo esivimba zombini iincinci kunye nomswakama.
Ukuthanjiswa kwetsheyini yesithuthuthu
Sebenzisa i-oyile yokuhlamba ngetsheyini ehamba ngesantya esiphezulu esilingana nesithuthi esinamavili amabini. Oku akunakwenzeka kwizithuthuthu zanamhlanje, kwaye uninzi lwamatyathanga ezithuthuthu lubaleka lungakhuselekanga. Ke ngoko, amatyathanga ezithuthuthu adla ngokuguga ngokukhawuleza xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswayo. Baphantsi kwamandla agqithisileyo kwaye babekwe kwimvula, udaka, isanti kunye netyuwa yendlela. Itsheyina lebhayisekile yinxalenye ye-drivetrain ehambisa amandla ukusuka kwimoto ukuya kwivili elingasemva. Itsheyini ethanjiswe ngokufanelekileyo inokufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-98% yosulelo olusebenzayo. Ikhonkco elingaxutywanga liya kunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kunye nokwandisa ikhonkco kunye nokunxiba kwe-sprocket. Kukho iindidi ezimbini zezithambiso zekhonkco lezithuthuthu ezifumanekayo: izithambisi zokutshiza kunye neenkqubo zokuthontsiza. Izithambiso zokutshiza zinokuqulatha iwax okanye iTeflon. Ezi zithambiso zisebenzisa izongezo ezincangathi ukuncamathela kwikhonkco lakho, kodwa zikwadala intlama erhabaxa etsala ubumdaka kunye nentlaka endleleni kwaye ikhawulezise ukunxitywa kwecandelo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Qhubeka uthambise ikhonkco ngokuthontsiza ioli, usebenzisa i-oyile elula engabambeleli kwikhonkco. Uphando lubonisa ukuba iinkqubo zokubonelela nge-oyile yedriphu zibonelela ngokhuseleko oluphezulu lokunxiba kunye nokonga amandla aphezulu.
Ukwahluka
Ukuba ikhonkco ayisetyenziselwa izicelo eziphezulu zokugqoka (umzekelo, ukuhambisa nje ukunyakaza kwi-lever yesandla ukuya kwi-shaft yokulawula umatshini, okanye umnyango we-sliding kwi-oven), uhlobo olulula lusetyenziswa. Ikhonkco isenokusetyenziswa. Ngokuchaseneyo, ikhonkco linokuthi "liqhume" xa kufuneka amandla ongezelelweyo, kodwa kufuneka liqhutywe kakuhle kwizithuba ezincinci. Esikhundleni sokubeka imigca emi-2 kuphela yamacwecwe ngaphandle kwekhonkco, kunokwenzeka ukubeka i-3 ("i-double"), i-4 ("i-triple") okanye imigca engaphezulu yeeplati ezihambelanayo, kunye ne-bushings phakathi kweebini ezikufutshane kunye ne-roller. Amazinyo anenani elifanayo lemiqolo acwangciswe ngokuhambelana kwaye atshatiswe kwi-sprocket. Umzekelo, ikhonkco lexesha le-injini yemoto idla ngokuba nemiqolo emininzi yeepleyiti ezibizwa ngokuba ngamatsheyini. I-Roller chain iza ngobukhulu obuhlukeneyo, kunye nemigangatho eqhelekileyo ye-American National Standards Institute (ANSI) i-40, 50, 60, kunye ne-80. Inombolo yokuqala ibonisa isithuba sekhonkco kwii-intshi ezi-8, kunye nenani lokugqibela. ngu-0. u-1 ngowetsheyini eqhelekileyo, u-1 ngowetsheyini ekhaphukhaphu, kwaye u-5 ngowetsheyini yomkhono engenazo iirola. Ngoko ke ikhonkco ene-pitch ye-intshi ye-0.5 isayizi ye-sprocket ye-40, ngelixa i-sprocket ye-160 ine-intshi ezi-2 phakathi kwamazinyo, njalo njalo. I-Metric thread pitch iboniswa kwishumi elinesithandathu le-intshi. Ngoko ke, i-Metric No. 8 chain (08B-1) ilingana ne-ANSI No. 40. Uninzi lweentambo ze-roller zenziwe nge-carbon carbon okanye i-alloy steel, kodwa isinyithi esingenasici sisetyenziselwa kumatshini wokulungisa ukutya kunye nezinye iindawo apho i-lubrication iyinkinga. , nathi ngamanye amaxesha sibona inayiloni kunye nobhedu ngesizathu esifanayo. Iintambo ze-roller zivame ukudibaniswa kusetyenziswa i-master links (ebizwa nangokuthi "izixhumanisi zokudibanisa"). Eli khonkco liphambili lidla ngokuba nepini ebanjwe kwindawo yekliphu yehashe kunokuba i-friction fit kwaye inokufakwa okanye isuswe ngesixhobo esilula. Amatyathanga anamakhonkco asuswayo okanye izikhonkwane zikwabizwa ngokuba ngamatyathanga okuqhekeka okuhlengahlengiswayo. Iikhonkco zesiqingatha (ezikwabizwa ngokuba yi "offsets") ziyafumaneka kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukwandisa ubude bekhonkco kunye ne-roller enye. I-Riveted Roller Chains Iziphelo zekhonkco eziphambili (ezibizwa nangokuthi "izixhumanisi zokudibanisa") "zihlanjululwe" okanye zichotshoziwe. Ezi zikhonkwane zomelele kwaye azinakususwa.
ikliphu yehashe
I-horseshoe clamp yintsimbi yentsimbi ye-U-shaped spring attachment esetyenziselwa ukukhusela iipleyiti zecala zokudibanisa (okanye "inkosi") eyayiyimfuneko ngaphambili ukugqiba ikhonkco ye-roller chain. Indlela yokubamba iyawa phantsi njengoko amatyathanga amaninzi esenziwa ukuba abe ngamaluphu angenasiphelo angenzelwanga ukulungiswa. Izithuthuthu zala maxesha zidla ngokuxhotyiswa ngamatyathanga angapheliyo, kodwa kuya kunqabile ukuba ityathanga liguge kwaye kufuneka litshintshwe. Ifumaneka njengenxalenye esecaleni. Ukuguqulwa kokunqunyanyiswa kwesithuthuthu kuthande ukunciphisa olu setyenziso. Ngokuqhelekileyo ifumaneka kwizithuthuthu ezindala kunye neebhayisikili ezindala (ezifana nezo zineegiya ze-hub), le ndlela yokubambelela ayinakusetyenziswa kwiibhayisikili ezineegiya ze-derailleur njengoko ii-clamps zivame ukuxinga kwi-shifter. Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-chain engapheliyo igxininiswe kwisakhelo somatshini kwaye ayikwazi ukutshintshwa lula (oku kuyinyani ngokukodwa kwiibhayisikili zendabuko). Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, ukudibanisa amakhonkco usebenzisa i-horseshoe clamps ayinakusebenza okanye ikhethwe sisicelo. Kule meko, "ikhonkco elithambileyo" lisetyenzisiweyo, elixhomekeke kuphela kwi-friction usebenzisa umatshini we-riveting chain. Kusetyenziswa izinto zamvanje, izixhobo, kunye nobuchule bobuchule, olu lungiso luyinto yokulungiswa okusisigxina ephantse yomelele kwaye ihlala ixesha elide njengetyathanga elingaqhawukanga.
sebenzisa
Imixokelelwane yerola isetyenziswa kwisantya esisezantsi ukuya esiphakathi ngesantya esimalunga nama-600 ukuya kuma-800 eenyawo ngomzuzu. Nangona kunjalo, ngesantya esiphezulu, malunga ne-2,000 ukuya kwi-3,000 iinyawo ngomzuzu, ii-V-belt zihlala zisetyenziswa ngenxa yokugqoka kunye nemiba yengxolo. Itsheyini yebhayisekile luhlobo lwekhonkco lokuqengqeleka. Ikhonkco lakho lebhayisekile linokuba nekhonkco eliphambili, okanye linokufuna isixhobo setsheyini ukususa kunye nokulifaka. Uninzi lwezithuthuthu zisebenzisa ityathanga elifanayo, elikhulu, elomeleleyo, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha oku kutshintshwa ngebhanti elinamazinyo okanye i-shaft drive eyenza ingxolo encinci kwaye ifuna ukulungiswa okuncinci. Ezinye iinjini zeemoto zisebenzisa i-roller chains ukuqhuba ii-camshafts. Iigiya zokuqhuba ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiinjini ezisebenza kakhulu, kwaye abanye abavelisi basebenzise amabhanti anamazinyo ukusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1960. Amatyathanga akwasetyenziswa kwiiforklift ezisebenzisa iinkunzi zehydraulic njengeepuli zokunyusa nokuthoba ilori. Nangona kunjalo, la matyathanga awathathwa njengamatyathanga aqengqelekayo kodwa ahlelwa njengamatyathanga okuphakamisa okanye amatyathanga epleyiti. Imixokelelwane yokusika i-Chainsaw ifana kakhulu ne-roller chain kodwa inxulumene ngokusondeleyo namatyathanga amagqabi. Ziqhutywa ngamakhonkco okuqhuba aphumayo kwaye zikwasebenza ukubeka ikhonkco kwibar. Mhlawumbi ngokungaqhelekanga kusetyenziswa ipere yamatsheyina esithuthuthu, iHarrier Jumpjet isebenzisa ityathanga lokuqhuba ukusuka kwisithuthuthu somoya ukujikelezisa umbhobho wenjini oshukumayo owalatha ezantsi ukuphaphazela nokubuyela ngasemva kwisiqhelo endikwaziyo. Ukubhabha phambili, inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi “thrust vectoring.
nxiba
Umphumo we-roller chain wear kukunyusa i-pitch (umgama phakathi kwamakhonkco) kunye nokwandisa ikhonkco. Qaphela ukuba oku kungenxa yokunxitywa kwiphini yepivot kunye ne-bushing, kungekhona ukudeka okwenyani kwentsimbi (okwenzeka ngezinye iindawo zentsimbi ezibhetyebhetye, njengeentambo ze-handbrake zemoto). njengaye). Ngamatyathanga anamhlanje, kunqabile ukuba ikhonkco (elingeyiyo ibhayisekile) linxibe ukuya kwinqanaba lokungaphumeleli. Njengoko ikhonkco linxiba, amazinyo e-sprocket aqala ukuguga ngokukhawuleza kwaye ekugqibeleni aqhawuke, okukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kwawo onke amazinyo e-sprocket. Amazinyo eSprocket. I-sprocket (ingakumbi incinci ye-sprockets ezimbini) ihamba ngentshukumo yokusila eyenza i-hook shape ye-hook kwindawo eqhutywe yamazinyo. (Esi siphumo senziwe mandundu ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwekhonkco olungafanelekanga, kodwa alunakuphepheka kungakhathaliseki ukuba zeziphi izilumkiso ezithathwayo). Amazinyo agugileyo (kunye namatyathanga) awayi kukwazi ukuhambisa amandla ngokutyibilikayo, okuya kubonakala kwingxolo, ukungcangcazela, okanye (kwimeko yeenjini zeemoto ezinamatyathanga exesha) utshintsho kwindlela yokucima okubonwa ngokukhanya kwexesha. Itsheyini elitsha kwi-sprocket egugileyo aliyi kuhlala ixesha elide, ke kule meko zombini i-sprocket kunye netsheyini kuya kufuneka itshintshwe. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezingenzima kakhulu, ungagcina eyona inkulu kwezi sprockets zimbini. Oku kungenxa yokuba ii-sprockets ezincinci zihlala zinxiba kakhulu. Amatyathanga adla ngokuphuma kuphela kwi-sprockets kwizicelo ezilula kakhulu (njengeebhayisikile) okanye kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo zoxinzelelo olungonelanga. Ukwandiswa kwekhonkco lokunxiba kubalwa ngokwefomula ilandelayo: % = ( ( M. − ( S. ) P. ) / ( S. ＊ P. ) ) ＊ 100 {\displaystyle \%=((M-(S) *P ))/(S*P))*100} M = Ubude benani leekhonkco ezilinganisiweyo S = Inani leekhonkco ezilinganisiweyo P = I-Pitch Kuyinto eqhelekileyo kwishishini ukubeka iliso ukuhamba kwe-tensioner ye-chain (nokuba i-manual okanye i-automatic) kunye nokuchaneka kwekhonkco lokuqhuba Ubude (umgaqo wesithupha kukwelula i-roller 3% kwi-adjustable drive yokutshintsha ikhonkco okanye ukunweba i-roller chain 1.5%) % (kwiziko elisisigxina lokuqhuba). Indlela elula, elungele ngakumbi abasebenzisi beebhayisekile kunye nezithuthuthu, kukutsala ityathanga likhuphe ikhonkco elikhulu kwimibhobho emibini xa ityathanga li taut. Ukunyakaza okuphawulekayo (okubonakalayo ngokusebenzisa izikhewu, njl. njl.) kunokubonisa ukuba ikhonkco lifikelele okanye ligqithise umda walo wokugqibela. Ukungayihoyi le ngxaki kunokonakalisa i-sprocket. Ukunxiba kweSprocket kunokuchasana nale mpembelelo kunye nokunxitywa kwekhonkco lemaski.
Ukunxitywa kwekhonkco lebhayisekile
Amatyathanga alula kwiibhayisikile ezinezixhobo ze-derailleur zinokuqhekeka ngenxa yokuba i-pin yangaphakathi i-barrel-shaped endaweni ye-cylindrical (okanye kunoko, kwi-plate yecala, ekubeni "i-riveting" idla ngokuqala ukungaphumeleli). iya kuphuma). Uqhagamshelwano phakathi kwepini kunye ne-bushing yiphuzu kunomgca oqhelekileyo, obangela ukuba i-pin yekhonkco idlule kwi-bushing kwaye ekugqibeleni i-roller, ekugqibeleni ibangele ukuba i-chain iphule. Esi sakhiwo siyimfuneko kuba isenzo sokutshintsha kolu kuhanjiswa sifuna ukuba ikhonkco ligobe kwaye lijike emacaleni, kodwa ngenxa yokuguquguquka kunye nenkululeko ende yelo tyathanga elincinci kwibhayisekile. ubude bunokwenzeka. Ukungaphumeleli kwekhonkco kungaphantsi komcimbi kwiinkqubo ze-hub gear (isantya se-Bendix 2, i-Sturmey-Archer AW, njl.) kuba indawo yokunxiba xa idibene ne-parallel pin bushings inkulu kakhulu. Inkqubo ye-hub gear ivumela nendlu epheleleyo, enceda kakhulu kwi-lubrication kunye nokukhusela isanti.
Amandla ekhonkco
Owona mlinganiselo uxhaphakileyo wamandla ekhonkco lokuqengqeleka ngamandla okuqina. Amandla okuqina abonisa ubungakanani bomthwalo omnye ikhonkco elinokumelana nalo phambi kokuba liqhawuke. Amandla okudinwa kwekhonkco abaluleke njengamandla okuqina. Izinto eziphambili ezichaphazela amandla okudinwa kwetsheyini ngumgangatho wentsimbi esetyenziselwa ukwenza ikhonkco, unyango lobushushu lwamacandelo ekhonkco, umgangatho we-chain plate knot hole processing, uhlobo lokudubula kunye namandla shot peening ukutyabeka. kwibhodi yekhonkco. Ezinye izinto zinokubandakanya ubukhulu beplate yetsheyini kunye noyilo lweplate yetsheyini (iprofayile). Kwimixokelelwane eqengqelekayo esebenza kwiidrive eziqhubekayo, umthetho wesithupha kukuba umthwalo kwitsheyini kufuneka ungadluli kwi-1/6 okanye i-1/9 yamandla okuqina wekhonkco, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwekhonkco elisetyenziswayo (cofa-fit okanye ukutyibilika- kwi). kufuneka ilingane). Imixokelelwane eqengqelekayo esebenza kwiidrive eziqhubekayo ngaphezulu kwale miqobo inokuthi, kwaye kaninzi iyenze, ingaphumeleli kwangethuba ngenxa yokungaphumeleli kokudinwa kwamacwecwe ekhonkco. Ubuncinci bomgangatho ophantsi wamandla okugqibela we-ANSI 29.1 amatyathanga entsimbi yi-12,500 x (i-pitch in intshi)2. I-X-ring kunye ne-O-ring chain ibonisa izithambisi zangaphakathi ezinciphisa kakhulu ukunxiba kunye nokwandisa ubomi bekhonkco. Isithambisi sangaphakathi sitofwa ngevacuum xa urivekisa ikhonkco.
umgangatho wekhonkco
Imibutho yemigangatho efana ne-ANSI kunye ne-ISO igcina imigangatho yoyilo lwekhonkco lokuqhuba, imilinganiselo, kunye nokutshintshana. Ngokomzekelo, itheyibhile engezantsi ibonisa idatha esuka kwi-ANSI Standard B29.1-2011 (i-Precision Roller Chains, i-Accessories, kunye ne-Sprockets) ephuhliswe yi-American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). Jonga iZibonelelo ngeenkcukacha. Ukukunceda ukhumbule, nantsi enye itshati yemilinganiselo engundoqo (ngee-intshi) zomgangatho ofanayo (oyinxalenye yezinto oziqwalaselayo xa ukhetha amanani acetyiswa ngumgangatho we-ANSI): Ikhonkco lebhayisekile eqhelekileyo (yezixhobo zederailleur ) Sebenzisa umxinwa 1 / 2 intshi pitch chain. Ububanzi betsheyini buyaguquguquka ngaphandle kokuchaphazela umthamo womthwalo. I-sprockets ezininzi onazo kwivili elingasemva (elisetyenziselwa ukuba yi-3-6, ngoku i-7-12), iyancipha ikhonkco. Amatyathanga athengiswa ngokusekwe kwinani lezantya eziyilelwe ukusebenza kuzo, ezinje nge "10-speed chain." Isixhobo se-Hub okanye iibhayisekile ezinesantya esinye zisebenzisa ikhonkco le-1/2 x 1/8 intshi. I-1/8 intshi ibhekisa kubukhulu besprocket ubukhulu obunokusetyenziswa kwitsheyini. Amatyathanga anamakhonkco anxuseneyo akholisa ukuba nenani elilinganayo lamakhonkco, kunye nekhonkco ngalinye elimxinwa elilandelwa likhonkco elibanzi. Amatyathanga enziwe ngamakhonkco afanayo acuthekileyo kwelinye icala kwaye abanzi kwelinye angenziwa ngenani elingaqhelekanga lekhonkco, elinenzuzo yokufumana umgama okhethekileyo we-sprocket. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, amatyathanga anjalo adla ngokungabi namandla kangako. Imixokelelwane yerola eyenziwe ngokwemigangatho ye-ISO ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba “yi-isochains”.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-06-2023
