Iminyururu ya roller cyangwa urunigi rwimigozi ikoreshwa cyane muburyo butandukanye bwurugo, inganda ninganda zubuhinzi nka convoyeur, imashini zishushanya insinga, imashini zicapura, imodoka, amapikipiki, nibindi. bike. Igizwe nuruhererekane rwa silindrike ngufi ifatanyirizwa hamwe kuruhande. Iyobowe nibikoresho byitwa amasoko. Nuburyo bworoshye, bwizewe kandi bunoze bwo kohereza amashanyarazi. Igishushanyo cyo mu kinyejana cya 16 cyanditswe na Leonardo da Vinci cyerekana urunigi rufite imipira. Mu 1800, James Fassel yatanze ipatanti y'uruziga rwateje uruzitiro, naho mu 1880, Hans Reynold yemerera urunigi rwa Bush.
shyira
Iminyururu ya bushed ifite ubwoko bubiri bwihuza butunganijwe. Ubwoko bwa mbere ni ihuriro ryimbere, aho amasahani abiri yimbere afatanyirizwa hamwe nintoki ebyiri cyangwa ibihuru bizunguruka imizingo ibiri. Ihuza ryimbere risimburana nubwoko bwa kabiri bwihuza ryinyuma, rigizwe nibisahani bibiri byo hanze bifatanyirijwe hamwe na pin zinyura mumbere yimbere. Iminyururu ya "Bushless" yubatswe muburyo butandukanye ariko ikora kimwe. Aho kugirango ibihuru bitandukanye cyangwa amaboko afashe imbaho zimbere hamwe, imbaho zashyizweho kashe hamwe nigituba gisohoka mu mwobo kandi kigamije intego imwe. Ibi bifite ibyiza byo gukuraho intambwe mu guteranya urunigi. Igishushanyo cya roller kigabanya guterana amagambo, byongera imikorere kandi bigabanya kwambara ugereranije nibishushanyo byoroshye. Urunigi rwambere rwimodoka ntirwigeze ruzunguruka cyangwa ibihuru, kandi ibyapa byimbere ninyuma byafatanywaga hamwe nudusumari twahuzaga amenyo ya spock. Ariko, muriyi miterere nasanze amenyo ya spock hamwe nisahani amenyo ya spocket yazengurukaga yarashize vuba. Iki kibazo cyakemuwe igice niterambere ryurunigi rwamaboko, aho pin zifata amasahani yinyuma zinyura mumashamba cyangwa amaboko ahuza amasahani yimbere. Ibi bikwirakwiza imyenda ahantu hanini. Nyamara, amenyo ya spocket aracyambara byihuse kuruta uko byari byitezwe kubera kunyerera kunyerera hamwe nibihuru. Ibizunguruka byongeweho bizengurutse urunigi rushyizweho rutanga uburyo bwo kuzunguruka hamwe n amenyo ya spocket kandi binatanga imbaraga nziza zo kwambara kumasoko nu munyururu. Igihe cyose urunigi rusizwe neza, guterana ni bike cyane. Gukomeza gusiga amavuta yiminyururu ningirakamaro mugukora neza no guhagarika umutima.
amavuta
Iminyururu myinshi yo gutwara (nka drives ya camshaft mubikoresho byuruganda na moteri yaka imbere) ikorera ahantu hasukuye kugirango imyambarire yabo yambaye (ni ukuvuga pin na bushing) itagira ingaruka kumyanda yatuye kandi ihagaritswe, kandi byinshi bifunze ibidukikije Urugero, roller zimwe Iminyururu ifite in-O-impeta hagati yisahani yinyuma ihuza icyapa cyimbere. Uruganda rukora iminyururu rwatangiye gukoresha iyi ngingo nyuma yuko Joseph Montano, wakoraga muri Whitney Chain i Hartford, muri leta ya Connecticut, avumbuye porogaramu mu 1971. O-impeta yatangijwe mu buryo bwo kunoza amavuta yo guhuza amashanyarazi, ari ngombwa mu kwagura ubuzima bw’umunyururu . Ibikoresho bya reberi bikora inzitizi ituma amavuta akoreshwa muruganda aho yambara pin na bushing. Byongeye kandi, reberi O-impeta irinda umukungugu nibindi byanduza kwinjira mumurongo. Bitabaye ibyo, ibice nkibi bishobora gutera kwambara cyane. Hariho iminyururu myinshi igomba gukora mubihe byanduye kandi ntishobora gufungwa bitewe nubunini cyangwa impamvu zikorwa. Ingero zirimo iminyururu ikoreshwa ku bikoresho byo mu murima, amagare, n'iminyururu. Iminyururu byanze bikunze ifite igipimo cyo hejuru cyo kwambara. Amavuta menshi ashingiye kumavuta akurura umukungugu nibindi bice, amaherezo agakora paste yangiza yongera urunigi. Iki kibazo kirashobora kugabanywa ukoresheje spray "yumye" PTFE. Ikora firime ikomeye nyuma yo kuyikoresha ibuza ibice nubushuhe.
Amapikipiki yo gusiga amavuta
Koresha ubwogero bwamavuta hamwe numunyururu ugenda kumuvuduko mwinshi uhwanye nibinyabiziga bifite ibiziga bibiri. Ibi ntibishoboka kuri moto zigezweho, kandi iminyururu myinshi ya moto ikora idakingiwe. Kubwibyo, iminyururu ya moto ikunda gushira vuba ugereranije nibindi bikoreshwa. Bakorerwa imbaraga zikabije kandi bahura nimvura, ibyondo, umucanga numunyu wumuhanda. Urunigi rw'amagare ni igice cya moteri yohereza imbaraga kuva kuri moteri kugera kumuziga winyuma. Urunigi rusizwe neza rushobora kugera kuri 98% neza. Urunigi rudafite amavuta ruzagabanya cyane imikorere kandi rwongere urunigi no kwambara. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwa moto ya nyuma ya moto iraboneka: spray amavuta na sisitemu yo gutonyanga. Gusiga amavuta bishobora kuba birimo ibishashara cyangwa Teflon. Aya mavuta akoresha inyongeramusaruro zifatika kugirango zomekane kumurongo wawe, ariko kandi zirema paste yangiza ikurura umwanda na grit mumuhanda kandi byihutisha kwambara mugihe runaka. Komeza gusiga urunigi utonyanga amavuta, ukoresheje amavuta yoroheje adafatanye numunyururu. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko sisitemu yo gutanga ibitonyanga itanga uburyo bwo kwirinda kwambara no kuzigama ingufu nyinshi.
Ibihinduka
Niba urunigi rudakoreshwa muburyo bwo kwambara cyane (kurugero, kohereza gusa icyerekezo kiva mukiganza cyamaboko kijya kugenzura imashini, cyangwa urugi runyerera ku ziko), ubwoko bworoshye burakoreshwa. Urunigi rurashobora gukoreshwa. Ibinyuranye, urunigi rushobora "gutombora" mugihe imbaraga zinyongera zikenewe, ariko zigomba gutwarwa neza mugihe gito. Aho gushyira imirongo 2 gusa yisahani hanze yumunyururu, birashoboka gushyira 3 (“kabiri”), 4 (“triple”) cyangwa imirongo myinshi yibisahani bisa, hamwe nibihuru hagati yabantu bombi hamwe nizunguruka. Amenyo afite umubare umwe wumurongo utunganijwe ugereranije kandi uhujwe kumasoko. Kurugero, moteri yimodoka ikurikirana mugihe ifite imirongo myinshi yamasahani yitwa iminyururu. Iminyururu ya Roller ije mubunini butandukanye, hamwe nibisanzwe muri Amerika National Standard Institute Institute (ANSI) ni 40, 50, 60, na 80. Umubare wambere werekana intera yumunyururu mukwiyongera kwa santimetero 8, numubare wanyuma ni 0. 1 ni urunigi rusanzwe, 1 kumurongo woroheje, na 5 kumurongo wintoki utagira umuzingo. Urunigi rero rufite ikibanza cya 0.5 cm ni ubunini bwa 40, mugihe ubunini bwa 160 bufite santimetero 2 hagati y amenyo, nibindi. Ikibanza cyurugero rwerekanwe muri cumi na gatandatu ya santimetero. Kubwibyo, Metric No 8 urunigi (08B-1) ihwanye na ANSI No 40. Iminyururu myinshi ya roller ikozwe muri karubone isanzwe cyangwa ibyuma bivangavanze, ariko ibyuma bidafite ingese bikoreshwa mumashini atunganya ibiryo nahandi hantu amavuta ari ikibazo. , natwe rimwe na rimwe tubona nylon n'umuringa kubwimpamvu imwe. Iminyururu ya roller isanzwe ihujwe hifashishijwe imiyoboro ihuza (nanone yitwa "guhuza"). Ihuza nyamukuru mubusanzwe rifite pin ifashwe ahantu hamwe na clip yamafarashi aho guterana neza kandi irashobora kwinjizwamo cyangwa kuvanwaho nigikoresho cyoroshye. Iminyururu ifite imiyoboro ikurwaho cyangwa pin nayo yitwa iminyururu igabanywa. Igice cya kabiri (nanone cyitwa "offsets") kirahari kandi gikoreshwa mukongera uburebure bwurunigi hamwe na roller imwe. Iminyururu ya Riveted Urunigi Impera zihuza nyamukuru (nanone bita "guhuza amahuza") "iranyeganyega" cyangwa irajanjagurwa. Iyi pin iraramba kandi ntishobora gukurwaho.
clip
Ikirahuri cy'ifarashi ni U-shusho y'icyuma cyometse kumugozi wakoreshwaga kugirango ushireho ibyapa byuruhande rwihuza (cyangwa “shobuja”) byari bikenewe mbere kugirango urangize urunigi. Uburyo bwa clamp burimo kugabanuka kuberako iminyururu myinshi ninshi ikorwa kugirango ibe imirongo itagira iherezo itagenewe kubungabungwa. Amapikipiki agezweho akunda kuba afite iminyururu itagira iherezo, ariko ni gake cyane ko urunigi rushaje kandi rugomba gusimburwa. Biraboneka nkigice cyabigenewe. Guhindura ipikipiki bikunda kugabanya ikoreshwa. Bikunze kuboneka kuri moto zishaje hamwe na gare zishaje (nk'izifite ibyuma bya hub), ubu buryo bwa clamp ntibushobora gukoreshwa ku magare afite ibikoresho bya derailleur kuko clamp ikunda kugwa muri shift. Mubihe byinshi, urunigi rutagira iherezo rushyirwa kumurongo wimashini kandi ntirushobora gusimburwa byoroshye (ibi ni ukuri cyane kumagare gakondo). Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, mubihe bimwe, guhuza guhuza ukoresheje ifarashi yamafarashi ntibishobora gukora cyangwa guhitamo kubisabwa. Muri iki gihe, hakoreshwa "ihuza ryoroshye", rishingiye gusa ku guterana ukoresheje imashini izunguruka. Ukoresheje ibikoresho bigezweho, ibikoresho, hamwe nubuhanga buhanga, uku gusana nikosora rihoraho rikomeye kandi rikomeza igihe kirekire nkumunyururu utavunitse.
Koresha
Iminyururu ya roller ikoreshwa mumashanyarazi yihuta kandi yoroheje afite umuvuduko wa metero 600 kugeza 800 kumunota. Nyamara, ku muvuduko mwinshi, metero zigera ku 2000 kugeza ku 3.000 ku munota, umukandara wa V ukoreshwa kenshi kubera ikibazo cyo kwambara n’urusaku. Urunigi rw'amagare ni ubwoko bw'urunigi. Urunigi rwa gare yawe rushobora kugira umurongo wingenzi, cyangwa birashobora gusaba igikoresho cyumunyururu kugirango ukureho. Amapikipiki menshi akoresha urunigi rusa, runini, rukomeye, ariko rimwe na rimwe rusimburwa n'umukandara w'amenyo cyangwa shitingi itanga urusaku ruke kandi bisaba kubungabungwa bike. Moteri zimwe zikoresha ibinyabiziga zikoresha iminyururu kugirango zitware kamera. Imashini zikoresha ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa muri moteri ikora cyane, kandi nababikora bamwe bakoresheje imikandara yinyo kuva muntangiriro ya 1960. Iminyururu ikoreshwa kandi muri forklifts ikoresha impfizi za hydraulic nka pulleys kugirango izamure kandi imanure ikamyo. Nyamara, iyi minyururu ntabwo ifatwa nkurunigi rwa roller ariko ishyirwa mubikorwa nkurunigi rwo kuzamura cyangwa iminyururu. Iminyururu yo gukata iminyururu isa nkaho isa nu munyururu wa roller ariko ifitanye isano rya bugufi n'iminyururu. Ziyobowe na disikuru igaragara kandi ikora no gushyira urunigi kumurongo. Ahari bidasanzwe ukoresheje iminyururu ya moto, Harrier Jumpjet ikoresha urunigi ruva kuri moteri yo mu kirere kugirango ruzunguruke moteri yimuka nozzle yerekana hepfo kugirango iguruka kandi igaruke inyuma mubisanzwe nshobora. Kugenda imbere, sisitemu yitwa "thrust vectoring.
kwambara
Ingaruka zo kwambara urunigi ni ukongera ikibuga (intera iri hagati yibihuza) no kwagura urunigi. Menya ko ibi biterwa no kwambara kuri pivot pin na bushing, ntabwo kurambura kwicyuma (bibaho hamwe nibice byuma byoroshye, nkinsinga za feri yimodoka). nka). Hamwe n'iminyururu igezweho, ntibisanzwe kumurongo (utari igare) kwambara kugeza kunanirwa. Mugihe urunigi rwambaye, amenyo yisoko atangira gushira vuba kandi amaherezo aravunika, bikaviramo gutakaza amenyo yose. Amenyo. Isoko (cyane cyane ntoya muri soko ebyiri) igenda isya ikora ishusho yibiranga hejuru y amenyo. . Amenyo yambarwa (n'iminyururu) ntabwo azashobora kohereza ingufu neza, bizagaragarira mu rusaku, kunyeganyega, cyangwa (kubijyanye na moteri yimodoka ifite iminyururu yigihe) impinduka mugihe cyo gutwika kigaragara binyuze mumucyo wigihe. Urunigi rushya kumasoko yambarwa ntiruzara igihe kirekire, muriki gihe rero amasoko hamwe numurongo bizakenera gusimburwa. Ariko, mubihe bidakabije, urashobora kuzigama binini muri sisitemu ebyiri. Ibi ni ukubera ko utuntu duto duto buri gihe twambara cyane. Iminyururu isanzwe isohoka gusa mumasoko muburyo bworoshye cyane (nk'amagare) cyangwa mugihe gikabije cyo guhagarika umutima bidahagije. Kurambura urunigi kubara bibarwa ukurikije formula ikurikira:% = ((M. - (S. ＊ P.)) / (S. ＊ P.)) ＊ 100 {\ kwerekana imiterere \% = ((M- (S) * P)) / (( ) hamwe nukuri kwurunigi rwo gutwara . Uburyo bworoshye, cyane cyane bubereye abakoresha amagare na moto, ni ugukuramo urunigi runini runini rw'amasoko abiri mugihe urunigi ruteye. Kwimuka gukomeye (kugaragara binyuze mu cyuho, nibindi) birashobora kwerekana ko urunigi rugeze cyangwa rwarenze urugero rwarwo rwo kwambara. Kwirengagiza iki kibazo birashobora kwangiza isoko. Kwambara amasoko birashobora kurwanya iyi ngaruka no kwambara urunigi.
Amagare yambara
Iminyururu yoroheje ku magare ifite ibikoresho bya derailleur irashobora gucika kubera ko pin y'imbere iba imeze nka barrile aho kuba silindrike (cyangwa se, ku isahani yo ku ruhande, kubera ko “riveting” ubusanzwe ari yo ya mbere yananiwe). irashobora kuva). Guhuza hagati ya pin na bushing ni ingingo aho kuba umurongo usanzwe, bigatuma urunigi rwumunyururu runyura mu gihuru hanyuma amaherezo akazunguruka, amaherezo bigatuma urunigi rucika. Iyi miterere irakenewe kuko ibikorwa byo guhinduranya iki cyerekezo bisaba urunigi kugoreka no kugoreka kuruhande, ariko biterwa nubworoherane nubwisanzure burebure bwurunigi ruto kuri gare. uburebure bushobora kubaho. Kunanirwa k'umunyururu ntabwo ari ikibazo muri sisitemu ya hub ibikoresho (Bendix 2 yihuta, Sturmey-Archer AW, nibindi) kuko ubuso bwo kwambara buhuye na parallel pin bushing ni nini cyane. Sisitemu ya hub ibikoresho nayo itanga amazu yuzuye, ifasha cyane mumavuta no kurinda umucanga.
Imbaraga zumunyururu
Igipimo gikunze kugaragara cyurunigi rwimbaraga nimbaraga zikomeye. Imbaraga zingana zerekana ingano yumutwaro umwe urunigi rushobora kwihanganira mbere yo kumeneka. Imbaraga zumunaniro zingirakamaro nkingirakamaro. Ibintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka kumunaniro wumunyururu ni ubwiza bwibyuma bikoreshwa mugukora urunigi, kuvura ubushyuhe bwibigize urunigi, ubwiza bwibikorwa byo gutunganya iminyururu, ubwoko bwamasasu n'imbaraga za kurasa. ku kibaho. Ibindi bintu bishobora kuba birimo ubunini bwurunigi hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera (umwirondoro). Iminyururu ya roller ikorera muri drives ikomeza, itegeko ryikiganza ni uko umutwaro uri kumurongo utagomba kurenza 1/6 cyangwa 1/9 cyingufu zingirakamaro zurunigi, bitewe nubwoko bwibanze bukoreshwa (kanda-bikwiranye cyangwa kunyerera- kuri). igomba guhuza). Iminyururu ya roller ikorera muri drives ikomeza hejuru yibi bipimo birashobora, kandi akenshi birashobora, kunanirwa imburagihe kubera kunanirwa kunanirwa kumasahani. Imbaraga zisanzwe ntarengwa kuri ANSI 29.1 iminyururu yicyuma ni 12.500 x (ikibanza muri santimetero) 2. Iminyururu X-impeta na O-impeta igaragaramo amavuta yimbere agabanya cyane kwambara no kwagura ubuzima bwurunigi. Amavuta yo munda aterwa inshinge binyuze mu cyuho igihe azunguza urunigi.
urunigi
Amashyirahamwe asanzwe nka ANSI na ISO agumana ibipimo ngenderwaho byubushoferi, ibipimo, no guhinduranya. Kurugero, imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana amakuru yo muri ANSI Standard B29.1-2011 (Iminyururu ya Precision Roller, Ibikoresho, na Sprockets) yakozwe na societe yabanyamerika yubukanishi (ASME). Reba Ibikoresho kubisobanuro birambuye. Kugirango ubashe kwibuka, dore indi mbonerahamwe yingenzi yingenzi (muri santimetero) kurwego rumwe (ibyo bikaba biri mubyo utekereza muguhitamo imibare isabwa na ANSI): Urunigi rwamagare rusanzwe (kubikoresho bya derailleur) Koresha 1 / Urunigi rwa santimetero 2. Ubugari bwurunigi burahinduka bitagize ingaruka kubushobozi bwumutwaro. Ibice byinshi ufite kumuziga winyuma (byahoze ari 3-6, ubu 7-12), urunigi rworoshye. Iminyururu igurishwa hashingiwe ku mubare w’umuvuduko bagenewe gukoreramo, nka “urunigi rwihuta 10.” Amagare ya Hub cyangwa amagare yihuta akoresha urunigi rwa 1/2 x 1/8. 1/8 santimetero bivuga umubyimba ntarengwa ushobora gukoreshwa kumurongo. Iminyururu ifitanye isano isanzwe ifite umubare uhuza, hamwe na buri murongo uhuza ugakurikirwa nu mugari mugari. Iminyururu ikozwe nu murongo umwe ufunganye kuruhande rumwe nubugari kurundi urashobora gukorwa numubare udasanzwe wihuza, bikaba byiza kubakira intera idasanzwe. Kimwe coco, iminyururu nkiyi ikunda kuba idakomeye. Iminyururu ya roller yakozwe mubipimo bya ISO rimwe na rimwe yitwa "isochains".
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-06-2023
